Acne Vulgaris : What Is It ? Characteristics, Natural Treatment, Nursing Management

Acne Vulgaris : What Is It ? Characteristics, Natural Treatment, Nursing Management

Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disorder of sebaceous unit. It is a common inflammatory disorder affecting face, chest and back but it may occur at any site. Acne is the most commonly encountered skin condition, affecting an estimated 85% of the population between 12 & 35 years of age. Girls develop acne 2years earlier than boys.

Characteristics

Characterized by the presence of – closed comedones (white heads,) Open comedones (black heads) are primary lesions while Papules, Pustules, and Nodules & cysts are secondary lesions.

-Becomes more marked at puberty
-Occurs when the pilosebaceous duct is plugged

Clinical manifestations

Closed comedones (white head) –

- are formed from impacted lipids or oils and keratin that plug the dilated follicle
- are small, whitish papules
- may evolve in to open comedones
- have minute follicular openings that can’t be seen
-Open comedones (Black head)
– Contents are in open communication with the external environment the blackhead is due to accumulation of lipid, bacterial & epithelial debris that obstruct the flow of sebum.


Factors which contribute to the development of the acne lesion are:

1. Excess secretion of sebum
2. Abstraction of the pilosebeaues orifice
3. Inflammation as a result of pcapionobacterum acne and leakage of content of pilosebeaceoues content.

N.B Intradermal rupture of sebaceous gland induces an inflammatory reaction due to the leakage of follicle contents (Sebum, keratin, bacteria) in to the dermis.


This inflammatory response may result from the action of certain skin bacteria, such as propoonibacterium acnes, that live in the hair follicles and break down the triglycerides of the sebum into free fatly acids and glycerin. The resulting inflammation produces papules, pustules, nodules, cysts or abscesses.

Management

-The disease is age limited, worse around puberty and subsides in early twenties. It is controlled with treatment.
-Combination of therapies should be used are available to control acne effectively
-Topical treatments may be all that is needed to treat mild to moderate acne.
-In severe cases antibiotics such as tetracycline are used to treat the problem

Surgical Treatment

-Consists of comedo extraction needed for cystic lesion, injections of steroids into the inflamed lesson, and incision and drainage of large, fluctuant, nodular cystic lesions.

Nursing management

-Inform patient that acne arises because of combination of factors

-Instruct patient to wash the face with mild soap and water twice a day to remove surface oils and prevent obstruction of the oil glands

-Caution the patient to avoid scrubbing the face constantly

-Hair should be kept off the face and shampooed daily if necessary

-Inform patient that all forms of friction and trauma should be avoided

-Teach patient that squeezing merely worsens the problem, this may be cause of post inflammatory hyperpigmantation

-Teach patient to be consistent with treatment because the problem is chronic

-Advise patient that cosmetics, shaving creams, and lotions can agitate acne

-Reassurance and emotional support, reduction of stress

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Acne Vulgaris : What Is It ? Characteristics, Natural Treatment, Nursing Management 2018-12-25T06:13:00-08:00 Rating: 4.5 Diposkan Oleh: David Maharoni