OCD in Different Work Forces and Social Economic Impact of Contact Dermatitis
The majority of work-related dermatoses, in particular hand dermatitis, comprise contact dermatitis (90-95%); the rest are of other dermatoses such as contact urticaria, oil acne, chloracne, chemically-induced leucoderma, and infections. In this section, different “workrelated OCD” are discussed.
Health care workers (especially nurses) are often affected by OCD, whose “occupational sensitization pattern” comprises thiuram (rubber compounds), thiomersal (vaccine preservative) and several biocides (glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, glyoxal and benzalkonium chloride).
Operating-room staff is a subset of healthcare workers (preparation and clean up may involve exposure to cleaning and disinfecting agents, and some workers may also have exposure to sterilizing agents, such as glutaraldehyde, and some workers may use ethylene oxide).
The frequency of OCD in dental personnel (dentists, dental assistants, dental technicians and orthodontics) has steadily increased over the last decades and currently considered to be about 40% .
Hand eczema is a well-known and potentially severe drawback to the hairdressing profession. Hair cosmetic producers provide the hairdresser with a great variety of chemicals to fulfil stylist and customer desires. Smit et al studied a cohort of apprentice hairdressers (n=74) and nurses (n=111) and found an average incidence rate of hand dermatitis of 32.8 cases/100 person-years for the hairdressers, compared with 14.5 cases/100 person-years for the nurses.
Construction workers (bricklayers, manufacturers of concrete elements…) are in contact with wet cement products in the form of mortar or concrete. ACD due to hexavalent chromium in cement is still the most important contact allergy. Also, other substances have been identified (e.g., cobalt, tuber additives, epoxy resin, hexamenthylendiamine and isophorondiamine).
Metal workers are exposed to numerous exogenous factors that play a substantial role in the development of ACD as well as ICD. Even though nickel is regarded as the most frequent source of all reported metal allergies, metal-work fluids are the most important cause of irritant hand dermatitis (also exposed to other chemical irritants, such as cleaning detergents, solvents and degreasers. Metal polishers remove excess metal and surface defects from various items such as the accessory parts of cars. The most commonly polished metals are aluminium, brass, bronze and zinc.
Social and economic impact of Contact Dermatitis
The total economic impact of OCD is high according to the following costs
- Direct costs of medical care, workers compensation or disability payments.
- Indirect costs associated with lost workdays and loss of productivity.
- Costs of occupational retraining.
- Costs attributable to the effects on the quality of life.
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