Incidence and Prevalence of Contact Dermatitis and Contact
Sensitisation
Incidence of hand eczema:
Several studies have investigated the incidence of hand eczema in
the general population The median incidence rate was 5.5 cases/1000
person-years (range 3.3–8.8). Stratified by sex, the median incidence rate
of hand eczema was 9.6 cases/1000 person-years (range 4.6–11.4) among women
and 4.0 cases/1000 person-years (range 1.4–7.4) among men.
Prevalence of hand eczema:
Few studies showed that the 1-year median prevalence of hand eczema in the general population was 9.7% (11.4% among women and 5.4% among
men) and that the 1-year weighted average prevalence was 9.1% (10.5% among women
and 6.4% among men)
Population studies may give valuable information on the magnitude of the
disease problem. Different data was found when compared the frequencies of positive
path-tests reactions in the general population and in eczema patients at a dermatological clinic in
the same area (Menné & Knudsen 1997) (Table 1). Publications based on data of
patients visiting dermatology clinics and/or patch testing units can not be
used to directly derive population related incidence or prevalence
estimates. Data from incidence studies may support and direct strategies
for the prevention of contact allergy and ACD, supporting conclusions
derived from clinical surveillance data.
Nickel sulphate is the most common allergen in the standard series and the
most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis, particularly in women. This gender
difference is traditionally explained by increased exposure in women, due to direct skin
contact with nickel-releasing metal, such as in jewellery, wristwatches, and clothing
accessories. A possible association between nickel allergy and hand eczema in women has
been addressed and supported by several population-based studies, whereas an
association has been questioned in men.
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